What is one critical role of microbial genes in the human body?

Microbial genes play a vital role in assisting digestion and metabolic functions in the human body. The human intestines are home to trillions of microorganisms, which include bacteria, fungi, and viruses. These microbes possess genes that help them break down complex carbohydrates, fiber, and other nutrients that human enzymes alone cannot digest. This process not only aids in nutrient absorption but also contributes to the production of essential vitamins and short-chain fatty acids that are critical for gut health.

Furthermore, these microbial genes contribute to the balance of the gut microbiota, which can influence various metabolic pathways, immune responses, and overall health. By supporting digestion and metabolic activity, microbial genes are essential for maintaining homeostasis within the body and ensuring that we obtain the necessary nutrients to thrive.